@Article{CavaDAOTSMABTM:2022:FlStWi,
               author = "Cava, Daniela and Dias J{\'u}nior, Cl{\'e}o Q. and Acevedo, 
                         Ot{\'a}vio and Oliveira, Pablo E. S. and Tsokankunku, Anywhere 
                         and S{\"o}rgel, Matthias and Manzi, Antonio Ocimar and 
                         Ara{\'u}jo, Alessandro C. de and Brondani, Daiane V. and Toro, 
                         Ivo Maur{\'{\i}}cio Cely and Mortarini, Luca",
          affiliation = "{Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)} and {Instituto Nacional 
                         de Pesquisas da Amaz{\^o}nia (INPA)} and {Universidade Federal de 
                         Santa Maria (UFSM)} and {Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do 
                         Norte (UFRN)} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max 
                         Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Embrapa Amaz{\^o}nia Oriental} 
                         and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz{\^o}nia (INPA)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)} and {Consiglio 
                         Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)}",
                title = "Vertical propagation of submeso and coherent structure in a tall 
                         and dense Amazon Forest in different stability conditions PART I: 
                         Flow structure within and above the roughness sublayer",
              journal = "Agricultural and Forest Meteorology",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "322",
                pages = "e108983",
                month = "July",
             keywords = "Amazon Forest, Atmospheric stability, Canopy turbulence, Coherent 
                         structure, Roughness sublayer, Submeso motions.",
             abstract = "Understanding the processes that govern the mixing and transport 
                         of scalars within and above the Amazon Forest is of great 
                         importance for many environmental applications. The impact of 
                         atmospheric stability on the roughness sublayer (RSL) as well as 
                         the influence on it by the processes in the overlying atmosphere 
                         are investigated using measurements collected at the Atmospheric 
                         Tall Tower Observatory. Five different stabilities are defined 
                         according to the turbulent fluxes behaviour. Ejections dominate 
                         the transport in the RSL. In near neutral and unstable conditions 
                         coherent structures propagate up to 23 times the canopy height (h) 
                         and intermittently penetrate in the lowest part of the forest 
                         where sweeps drive the transport processes. In the unstable regime 
                         a weakening of the wind inflection at the canopy top and a 
                         transition to a convective regime above z = 2 h are observed. In 
                         stable conditions three regimes were defined characterised by a 
                         progressive lowering of the RSL and the weakening of the 
                         mixing-layer type coherent structures. In the weakly stable regime 
                         the intense momentum and scalar fluxes appear driven by the 
                         coherent structures being able to penetrate inside the canopy 
                         intermittently coupling the flow above and within the forest. The 
                         very stable regime is characterized by weak winds, a weakening of 
                         coherent structures and a decrease of the turbulent fluxes 
                         inhibited by buoyancy. The definition of a super stable regime 
                         allowed the identification of a peculiar condition characterized 
                         by low-wind and weak coherent structures confined close to the 
                         canopy top and producing negligible transport. Submeso motions 
                         dominate the flow dynamics in this regime both above and inside 
                         the RSL. Multiresolution analysis highlights the ability of 
                         submeso motions to propagate inside the canopy and to modulate the 
                         exchange, particularly of scalars, fully driving the large 
                         positive CO2 flux observed inside the forest in the super stable 
                         regime.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108983",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108983",
                 issn = "0168-1923",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Cava_2022_vertical.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}